In prison a big concept is "showing your paperwork." Your "paperwork" is something that shows what you did and that you didn't snitch on anyone. In Medium and higher security prisons, this is often mandatory, even though the BOP has prohibited inmates from having certain kinds of paperwork on their persons for this reason because of the security risk it causes. Pretty much as soon as you step foot on one of those compounds, you're going to have to show someone your "paperwork" so they can vouch for you and usually it's going to be whoever you run with. If you're not in a gang, it's going to be people from the area you're from (your "homeboys"). If your "paperwork" is "straight" then you're pretty much be accepted no matter what you did so long as it's not a sex offense and you're not a cop. Even if you murdered someone, that is accepted and more accepted than almost the most benign sex offense. If your "paperwork" isn't clean for whatever reason, they may tell you to "check in," which means going to the hole (SHU -- Special Housing Unit), which is normally used for punishment but is also used for people who can't be kept or don't want to be kept in general population. It's a lot like protective custody. This does happen often at higher security institutions, especially penitentiaries, where other inmates don't want anyone sex offense or who's a snitch or a cop on the compound with them. The implication being if you choose not to "check in" something will happen to you and generally it'll be you getting beat so bad you're going to be taken off the compound or worse.
A lot of times people just don't know for sure why a person's there, although they heard whispers and may suspect based on stereotypes (white, nerdy, glasses, etc.). For the same reason someone might not believe what they hear, even if it's true, because it doesn't seem like the person is of that character and they think it's just because of the stereotype. The former part may actually be true, not because they aren't a sex offender, but because what they did really is not a reflection of who they are. Everyone makes mistakes and I think that was routine with a lot of the sex offenders I met in prison, especially the ones for non-touch computer crimes. They were actually really good, normal people who made a very stupid mistake. They were often a better class of inmate than those there for "normal" crimes like drugs, robbery, property crimes, etc.
How does one get their 'paperwork'? Is it just a piece of paper with your sentence and crime?
Most people already have their paperwork on them from their attorney. It was either mailed to them or when their attorney visited they gave it to them. Almost everyone has their legal work. It's actually the one thing they'll let you take with you on your person from place to place if you're transfered to another facility. In a lot of prisons they even allow inmates to request a special box for their legal work they can keep under their bed so they don't have to use so much of their locker space for it (as a general rule in most prisons all of your things must be kept in your locker, although at the low I was at this was rarely if ever enforced. but at higher security definitely). Lots of people, especially in county jail and in the early stages of their incarceration, are still dealing with their case or fighting it, so they may have a lot of legal work on them.
When most people say "paperwork" they're talking specifically about something called the Presentence Investigation Report (PSI).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentence_investigation_report
The reason the PSI is so universally used is because it's the one piece of paperwork EVERYONE has as they do it for everyone and it offers a snap shot (albiet a personal one) of who a person is and what they did. It's also a piece of paper that everyone is given early on and that will be sent to everyone while they are incarcerated before their sentencing by their attorney.
It's the one piece of paperwork everyone should have. Thing is, a few years ago, the BOP wised up, realizing that people were being put in bad possessions by having to show their PSI's (especially in the case of informants, ex-cops and sex offenders, who might be harrassed to "check in" to the SHU if someone finds out about them) and it was a security issue, so they banned inmates from having their PSI in their possession once they entered a BOP facility. If you come in with it and they find it, they'll take it from you. A lot of people still have there PSI's, though, either because they slipped it in (not hard to do) or they had it before this regulation took place. Most people who have nothing to hide will try to slip there PSI in so they can show it if someone questions them or they have problems, especially if they're just coming into a facility.
It's not uncommon for someone in higher security institutions, if anyone questions their intregrity about anything, to go get their PSI or say they will to prove their character. Or suggests that them and the person that's questioning them both get it, even if the questioning has nothing to do with their offense. Most people keep there PSI's handy so they can get it out at a moment's notice at these institutions.
You can always see your PSI by going to your Case Manager (everyone in a federal prison is assigned a case manager, generally who handles the cases of the inmates in the housing unit their assigned to) and they'll show it to you but won't let you leave with it.
Since PSI's are banned, an alternative is often the Sentence Computation Sheet, which may be enough for people to trust you or at least temporarily so... You can get this from your Case Manager and have it on you without problems. It will show your total sentence, broken down by good time credit and where you did your time so far, and your crime. It may or may not show if you received credit for government assistance (i.e. snitching). It won't show things like gang affliations and previous employeement (i.e. if you were a cop), so it doesn't complete reflect what someone is or isn't. I've actually seen situations where a new inmate was literally walked by other inmates they associated with (people from their area, gang members) to the Case Manager's office to get their Sentence Computation Sheet in events where someone is questioning the inmate's character.
I've also heard of prisons that had signs posted all over that said "DO NOT ASK ANOTHER INMATE FOR THEIR PAPERWORK. THIS WILL RESULT IN DISIPLINARY ACTION."
Can you get the paperwork at county jail?
That's actually where you're most likely to have your paperwork since your attorney will visit and give it to you or send it to you and your case is most likely still underway so you need your legal materials (at the very least you haven't been sentenced yet). You're also allowed to have your PSI at most county jails (I've heard of some restricting them for the same reason as the BOP, but never saw it myself). Think about it this way: you're likely still in the middle of your case, still fighting with all you can, so all your legal materials are very relevant at that time. Also, you may bounce from county jail to county jail, especially if you have a federal case, and that's the one thing they'll let you take from place to place on you.
That said, you have to be extremely fucking careful about your paperwork in County Jail because people will try to get into it and build a case on you. I've seen it happen. Look at it like this: County jail is full of people who have cases still under way for the most part, who haven't been sentenced yet and who may be facing many YEARS in prison. They may also, obviously, want a time cut and to do as little time as possible. Well, one of the ways to do that is by offering cooperation to the government (snitching), but let's say they have no one to snitch on or they want even more time cut (the more people you snitch on the more of a time cut you get), guess what? They're surrounded by people they can snitch on in jail if they just know more about them. So what they'll do is when you're not around or looking they'll steal your paper work, read about you and learn as much as possible, then they'll tell their attorney to say they have information for the D.A. about someone. They talk to the D.A. and tell them about you. They don't know you, have never met you before prison, but because they've read your paperwork and know about you and your case it can sound like they do. They could say "yeah, I saw Pekka deal smack to anus_pounder...blah blah blah."
This sounds crazy but it HAPPENS ALL THE TIME.
For this reason, actually, you can usually get away with not showing your paperwork in county as no one wants to show their paperwork, although someone who is trying to do the above might try to bully you into showing it. They might accuse you of being an informant or rapist or something, so you feel pressured to clear your name with your paperwork and all along it was about them learning about you so THEY could snitch on YOU.
One time I saw it happen in the last county jail I was at before I got to the prison. It was the only jail with a rec yard we could use. I hadn't been outside except to get in a van to go from one place to another in over 5 months. It was this open quad in the middle of the town with a volley ball court with a broken net. It was mainly good just to walk around and get air and see the sky. So while we were all out there one guy who elected not to go was back in the dorms going through someone's paperwork. He had even tried to use me when I got there to get into another pod (there were several "pods," each with about 25 bunk beds for inmates) so he could look into a specific person's case who was there. What happened was that was I needed a bottom bunk and he had one so he told the CO he'd go to the other pod and give up his bottom bunk to me.
When the guy got back and found the guy going through his things he beat his ass. The crazy thing about this story is why the guy wanted to go to the other pod to see that guy's paperwork: because the D.A. told him he'd give him a time cut if he did and built a case on him. I'm not kidding, this happens all the time. This guy didn't know the guy at all, but because the D.A. needed to either needed someone to testify against the guy or wanted to put the guy away for longer, he offered a time cut to the other guy if he would build a (fake) case against him.
It gets worse. D.A.'s and prosecutors encourage this behavior, as do defense attorneys. They often all know the person doesn't really know the person they're snitching on or anything about them, but they let it go anyway, because the D.A. wants to put the person away more and the attorney wants a win for their client. Often this is done as part of an agreement reached between the D.A./prosecutor and the defense attorney, who are probably friends, and they'll approach an the accused together and say "hey, listen, testify against this guy and here's what we can do for you..." "It doesn't matter if you don't know him, we'll tell you what you need to say." And they'll literally build the case on someone FOR HIM. They'll give him all the details and coach him on exactly what to say. At the very lease defense attorney's and prosecutors will encourage the accused to build manufactured cases on people by getting their paperwork. This is tragic as it sounds, but it's a way for District Attorney's and Prosecutors to put people away when they don't have enough evidence to... All they need is to get two other people who's life they hold in their hands to collaborate the same story and they can produce a trumped up Conspiracy charge. Most of the time the people wrongfully accusing the person will never even have to testify in open court since almost everyone in the federal system takes a plea because of the massive amount of more time they're threatened with if they don't.
Look at it this way: you're someone facing 25 years for a first time, non-violent drug offense (a very realistic scenario for some, sadly). The prosecutor of your case is prosecuting another guy he wants to put away more but can't get enough evidence to build a case on them. So he comes to you and one other guy in the same boat as you with your defense attorney (and it's probably the same at defense attorney as the other guy just like it's the same prosecutor) and says "hey, listen, I want to help you. I know you've never been in trouble before and you're looking at 25 YEARS. I want you to go back to your family while you're still young, but I need you to help me" and he lays out a scenario where you testify against a guy you've never even met or heard of to get a time cut. To tells you exactly what you need to say on record. "You probably won't even have to testify since he'll plead out, all you have to do is tell this to me and an investigator who wants to get this guy as bad as I do, we'll make sure it all works out like it's suppose to. Your attorney will be there too." So you agree and the other guy agrees and guess what? They're able to bring the other guy up on a CONSPIRACY charge, which requires no actual evidence, just the sworn testimony of at least two individuals that they saw you commit or even just talk about committing a crime (FYI: don't even talk about your case in county jail for this reason. If people ask, lie). For this you and the other guy that testified get a time cut, but still probably go to prison in the end. The prosecutor gets to say he put three people behind bars, all defense attorneys get paid, the D.A. looks good and so do the investigators. They all win and everyone else loses. The other guy can say "I'VE NEVER DONE THAT BEFORE." It doesn't matter. "Well, we have sworn, written statements from two individuals stating otherwise. "BUT I DON'T KNOW THOSE GUYS! I'VE NEVER SEEN THEM BEFORE IN MY LIFE!" it doesn't matter. "Well, they BOTH say they do."
Welcome to the broken criminal justice system.