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Torment I just finished Planescape: Torment and...

NatureOfMan

Educated
Joined
Jan 27, 2019
Messages
77
I am finally going to finish the game too after a lot of dropped playthroughs in late game. I am not going to praise the writing since we all are aware that it's excellent and it's getting kinda redundant but I've got to compliment the ammount of sidequests and the quality of some of them with a lot of them having different solutions. Apart from sidequests there are also NPCs that you can interact with through dialogue or even having the right item in the inventory for and they either teach Morte new taunts, boost your stats or even get you a new companion. It's all great and I am surprised people don't praise the optional content of the game more.

Btw I am a fucking retard and had to use the Universal Hint System for getting the portal to Ravel, a thing I had done in my first playthrough but apparently forgot how. I feel pretty fucking dumb that I had to resort to cheating so I figure out I think I had actually solved by myself before.

Still
Ravel directed me straight to the "place of steel and forges" or shit like that and after getting the bloody napkin I went to the Lower Ward and banged my head against the wall for like 2 hours talking to everyone in the Ward and in the Foundry and even doing braindead things such as joining the Godsmen in an alternate safe so I can see their super secret weapon. I thought that this might've been the portal itself since Ravel mentioned in the sensorium that it was not finished when she last looked at it or something like that. When I was in the Festhall I was with the impression that those dorms were places for Sensate members only to rest and I thought of them as acting like a tavern with NPCs offering flavour text and stuff. I even talked to the lady that gives you the keys to your dorm and I interpreted whatever she told me as typical innkeeper/merchant dialogue tree, maybe she offered me my room from the start and I wasn't as careful as in my older playthroughs.
 

ArchAngel

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Messages
19,817
After that experience I wanted to share this with someone else and also wanted to ask, do you think it's worthwhile to continue with Torment: Tildes of Numeria?

Nope.
I am pretty sure you cannot claim you played and finished Tildes of Numeria so that you can say it is not worth it
:troll:
Nigga please, i played games like Pillars of Eternity and fucking Septerra Core to the end, Numanuma is child's play. :troll:
I don't know what Numanuma is, but I am sure you didn't play Tildes of Numeria :P
 

JarlFrank

I like Thief THIS much
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Steve gets a Kidney but I don't even get a tag.
More and more good authors are moonlighting in games. Seth Dickinson, who wrote the excellent Traitor Baru Cormorant, wrote a lot of the lore for Destiny 2. Not my cup of tea, but you can read his stuff for the game here and IMO it’s pretty good: https://www.ishtar-collective.net/categories/book-marasenna

See, the issue here is that talented writers like that only write some "additional" things like lore or single companion characters.
Torment: Numenera had some good writers writing a bunch of companions, and you notice that these are of higher quality than the others. But the overall writing and story structure isn't anywhere near what PST was.

Talented people should get leading roles and develop the overall story and structure, rather than just doing some smaller things that aren't the focus of the game.
 

hexer

Guest
After that experience I wanted to share this with someone else and also wanted to ask, do you think it's worthwhile to continue with Torment: Tildes of Numeria?

I didn't like TTON at all but I sincerely recommend you somehow play the first NieR which came out for PS3 / XBox 360.
IMO that is the only other "Planescapey" game out there.

 

KK1001

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Planescape is great but I flip flop between the ending being a bit rushed and wanting Avellone to have fleshed out the last two planes a bit more vs the game culminating with perfect pacing
 
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PC RPG Website of the Year, 2015 Codex 2016 - The Age of Grimoire Serpent in the Staglands Bubbles In Memoria A Beautifully Desolate Campaign Pillars of Eternity 2: Deadfire
Guys... you were right. This game is a masterpiece. I even don't know what to say... after completing the game I felt as if I had been hit.

When I was reaching the end of the game, I feel all the greatness of the trip I had done so far, the weight of the actions I had taken and the importance of the characters that accompanied me in it. Yes, I know it sounds corny... but I think it's the best way to describe it that I have now.

It's as if each part of the game, each mission, no matter how small, would have contributed to achieving a world so alive, but at the same time so different. Even in spite of its deep decline, the trip leaves you marked and is ... sincerely moving.

The most curious thing about this, is that I had the game for quite some time. But only recently I have finished it. At first I felt extremely disoriented and I thought that the story was incomprehensible, but when I played it again, this time determined to follow it, I did not expect something of this magnitude. The ending was something both shocking and very emotional. And I know that most of you guys think the ending is perfect as it was, but I have to say that I felt that Nameless One deserved a softer ending, that is, when he finally leaves, and leaves the others behind, I feel he leaves me behind too. As the person who was following him in his adventure all this time. And that makes me feel a little sad, it seemed that something was missing.

After that experience I wanted to share this with someone else and also wanted to ask, do you think it's worthwhile to continue with Torment: Tildes of Numeria?

Different genres, but Primordia or Sanitarium would be better investments of time.

T:ToN is what would happen if a AA Hollywood production company decided to make a homage to Orson Welles or Stanley Kubrick (A.I. by Steven Spielberg might serve as a practical analogy) -- designed and written by committee with little focused authorial vision in the narrative and no passion behind the themes and subject matter.

There are some aspects of it that I like or thought were clever. I especially liked this off the main road quest where you alternate between using a party member to distract a guard (you have him take you on a tour and then choose the dialogue options that involve going on lengthy commentaries about different locations or items) while the rest of your party does a puzzle/skill check thing in order to steal the treasure he was guarding. If you choose the wrong dialogue options, the guard doesn't comment on anything and gets back to his post too soon. I thought this was pretty cool from a mechanical point of view, and if this kind of creativity had surfaced in the rest of the game, it would have been much better.
 
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S.torch

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Jan 4, 2019
Messages
936
Different genres, but Primordia or Sanitarium would be better investments of time.

Thanks for the recommendations. I'm checking it out, Primordia called my attention almost immediately.
It surprises me a little that someone who commented a page back work in it, good signs.
 
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Azarkon

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Oct 7, 2005
Messages
2,989
Of course. But this simply sets the bar higher. In my mind, PS:T is really more like good low-brow fantasy -- somewhere between, say, Dragons of Autumn Twilight and The Eye of the World. Many young men came into fantasy sideways through those books (DoAT was my entry point in fifth grade), and can go on about how Raistlin is a deep character and so forth. And, of course, today's good low-brow fantasy may well be better, but it will lack the same impact and allure. If Dragons of Autumn Twilight had been released in 2014 rather than 1984, it wouldn't be a seminal work of geekdom; it would be as fringe as any of a billion other shlock fantasy novels today.

Obviously, if cRPGs were to get a Tolkien or Vance or Le Guin or Howard or Lieber or Zelazny, who also had adequate technical know-how and patience to write branching dialogues and item descriptions and so forth, his or her game could vastly surpass PS:T. But now you've made the pool of available talent even smaller, since I think Chris would be the first to admit he isn't a Tolkien/Vance/Le Guin/Howard/Lieber/Zelazny-level writer, even if he is the finest cRPG writer of all time by a significant margin. So the odds of its happening seem even lower -- now we are positing that the stars align and our ~Avellone is actually a ~Avellone +5.

[EDIT: Before anyone takes this as casting shade, for those who don't know, I've worked on not one but two homages to PS:T (TTON as a wage slave and Primordia as a free man). But one can simultaneously recognize it for a masterpiece of a cRPG and not put it in the ranks of "literature."]

Should you think Avellone isn't on par with the five you listed, you probably don't fully appreciate the difference between literature and game development.

I could, of course, see how you'd evaluate him lower as a writer; but contrary to popular exaggeration, Planescape: Torment isn't a novel and the game's most brilliant moments would have fallen flat in that format.

Consider the grand reveal. A novel version of that reveal would've been more or less banal:

The sphere wrinkles in the Nameless One's hands, the skin of the sphere peeling away into tears and turning into a rain of bronze that encircles him. Each droplet, each fragment that enters him, he feels a new memory stirring, a lost love, a forgotten pain, an ache of loss - and with it, comes the great pressure of regret, regret of careless actions, the regret of suffering, regret of war, regret of death, and he feels his mind begin buckling from the pressure - so MUCH, all at once, so much damage done to others... so much so an entire FORTRESS may be built from such pain. And suddenly, through the torrent of regrets, he feels the first incarnation again. His hand, invisible and weightless, is upon the Nameless One's shoulder, steadying him. He doesn't speak, but with his touch, the Nameless One suddenly remembers his name. ... and it is such a simple thing, not at all what he thought it might be, and he feels himself suddenly comforted. In knowing his name, his true name, he knows that he has gained back perhaps the most important part of himself. In knowing his name, he knows himself, and he knows, now, there is very little he cannot do.

In third person, it reads like fan fiction, full of melodrama and bathos. It works slightly better in first person, but still feels off, as though the character is narrating from outside of himself. But in second person - which is not going to work in almost any novel format beside a choose your own adventure, which are generally shit - and with the weight of the rest of the game informing your experience, the moment is pulled off as a poignant climax. Avellone's highest achievement is making it seem like what's happening is actually happening to YOU. Getting the player to identify with the role he's playing isn't an easy task, especially when that role comes with so much story.

That's also why most of the attempts at getting best selling authors, ie Rothfuss in the new Torment, to enhance the narrative did not work. Because while those authors can contribute intricate prose and witty dialogue, that's not what defines the player experience even in a text heavy game like Planescape: Torment. Understanding the player's perspective, his agency, and his moment to moment involvement in the game is just as important or more important. This is what separates a game designer from a novel writer.

Tolkien, Le Guin, and Gene Wolfe are marvelous at their craft but they are not game designers; and there is no evidence that they could have become master game designers, just because they could write. Creativity exists in many forms. Do you compare Scorsese to Beethoven? Then why compare Avellone to Tolkien?
 
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Taka-Haradin puolipeikko

Filthy Kalinite
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What are the games that even scratch that same (storyfag & C&C) itch as PS:T?
TToN doesn't come even close quality wise.

Any viable alternatives?
 

Cael

Arcane
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Nov 1, 2017
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Very interesting analysis, MRY. I really enjoy reading it. But I disagree on something with you, the existence of literature, which until now is probably the one of the most fruitful art medium, shows that despite the time, reinventions of art and masterpieces appear constantly. Since always the special ingredient usually appears, that is the individual that wants to create.

Bitch please~ I love Forgotten Realms setting for what they are: ideas, little text on things, gameplay, etc.

LITERACY is the worst part of it. Those novels, mang~ It's the worst.
I see that you have read Ed Greenwood's excrement. My condolences.
 

FeelTheRads

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Apr 18, 2008
Messages
13,716
What are the games that even scratch that same (storyfag & C&C) itch as PS:T?
TToN doesn't come even close quality wise.

Any viable alternatives?

Sanitarium mentioned above would be one I guess. But not in the C&C department, it's an adventure game. Can't really say it has an actual story either. But somehow the atmosphere makes one think of PST. But I'm guessing most who are not newfags have already played that.
 

Ladonna

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Aug 27, 2006
Messages
10,578
What are the games that even scratch that same (storyfag & C&C) itch as PS:T?
TToN doesn't come even close quality wise.

Any viable alternatives?

Not that I can think of. All of the games Avellone has had a significant hand in show a similar spark in them, but nothing that gives the same overall experience. He definately deserves his good name as a writer in the vidya game industry.

You never know, he might be up for the challenge once he is an oldfag and his familial responsibilities move on. Or he might just embarrass himself. In any case, I agree with MRYs take on the happy coming together of abnormal circumstance that allowed this to happen.
 

hivemind

Cipher
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you may not like it but this is what peak philosophical commentary on the human condition looks like

maxresdefault.jpg
 

laclongquan

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The exact tone of PST? Nope. That's why it's unassailably number 1 in our top 70 RPG of all times.

The emotions, the feels of the text? Might be. Question is: your mileage may vary.

1. Chronos Cross. Contrary to Trigger, Cross can raise some very deep feel of nostalgia in my psyche. The tone, the setting... If you want some tropical feel coupled with nostagia, Cross is your game. Of course, the quote "Be careful when you stare into the flame...For the flame will also stare back at you" and the sub-branch of Lynx story can be quite interesting too.

2. NWN2 Mask of the Betrayer. It's not the Akachi's fate, or our MC's role, but the Romance between Founder and Akachi. The obsession, mang~ One man betray his god and launch a revolt, the other fuck up a lot of people's lives to restore her lover. ANd you might argue that Founder fuck up her own lives thereafter too, considering her relation with Safiya, Lienna, and Nefris. Safiya is one confused chick~

3. Star Wars: Knight of the Old Republic 1. What can change the nature of a Sith Lord? I know, some of you think it's too much like instant food/french fry. Yet the question it pose remain: Should an evil overlord forget his memory, would he walk the same path again? Or not? Was a man his memory? Or more.
 

Chippy

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Steve gets a Kidney but I don't even get a tag.
There might be a point where all the youngsters get a bit of life experience in them and their IQ peaks, and they realize what a masterpiece this game is. I just don't think there will ever be enough of them.
 

CappenVarra

phase-based phantasmist
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Obviously, if cRPGs were to get a Tolkien or Vance or Le Guin or Howard or Lieber or Zelazny, who also had adequate technical know-how and patience to write branching dialogues and item descriptions and so forth, his or her game could vastly surpass PS:T. But now you've made the pool of available talent even smaller, since I think Chris would be the first to admit he isn't a Tolkien/Vance/Le Guin/Howard/Lieber/Zelazny-level writer, even if he is the finest cRPG writer of all time by a significant margin. So the odds of its happening seem even lower -- now we are positing that the stars align and our ~Avellone is actually a ~Avellone +5.
brofisted just for for having good taste, which one can easily take for granted - but is actually in short supply (as aptly demonstrated by the follow-up poster).

One can.

One would be sadly mistaken, however.

One begins to see how that mistake could arise.

Of that above list, only Le Guin rises above the level of lowbrow genre fiction. So if these are your standards for literature, and you consider Vance a better writer than Avellone, sorry bro, but you wouldn't know literature if it bit you in the ass.

Vance fucking sucks. He writes like an average 13-year-old.
disrespectfully disagree, dear generic reader brainwashed by modern literature studies.

if your goal is to come off as a lame hipster whose opinions on fantasy and/or fantasy RPGs can be discarded without consideration - congratulations, splendid job!

i can (somewhat) understand people who dislike Tolkien, Le Guin, or Howard - but Vance, Lieber, or Zelazny? just means you're no bro of mine; do not resuscitate, do not admit into the vault.

:bunkertime:

since we're (sort of) talking about Planescape, you think your hipster choices could do it better justice than Vance (The Moon Moth), Lieber (Gonna Roll the Bones), or e.g. L. Sprague de Camp (The Clocks of Iraz)?

it's currently fashionable to hate on things loved by generations which created the genre, and your adherence to this fashion aptly identifies you. that is all.
 

MRY

Wormwood Studios
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Should you think Avellone isn't on par with the five you listed, you probably don't fully appreciate the difference between literature and game development.

I could, of course, see how you'd evaluate him lower as a writer; but contrary to popular exaggeration, Planescape: Torment isn't a novel and the game's most brilliant moments would have fallen flat in that format.
Hmm, I thought I've made this point often enough myself that it would go without saying. I was just responding to the "existence of literature" point made in reply to my initial post.

Here's what I said in a recent interview:

The wonderful and largely unique power games have is to implicate the player in the story – the story is not being told to the player, but with the player. That works best when the verbs that drive the story are consistent with the verbs accessible to the player-character. That’s one reason, I think, that adventure developers increasingly shy away from puzzles: if you want to tell epic stories of derring do, it is awkward if the protagonist’s main verbs are “pick up,” “combine X with Y,” and “use A on B” (sorry, MacGuyver). It can be done, but it’s tough – it’s easier to add in guns and killing (like in, say, Gemini Rue). And if you want to tell a story about flawed characters salving each other’s wounds (and who doesn’t?), focusing on dialogue (like in, say, Unavowed) makes more sense than having the characters literally compounding salves out of ingredients scrounged from the environment.

But whatever the story, that union between what the player can do, what the character must do, and what the actions move the story along is critical. Even where there is a defined player character, even where the player’s freedom of action is quite limited, simply being complicit in the story’s major beats has a deep impact (consider, for instance, Cloud’s killing of Aerith in Final Fantasy 7).

One way to measure the power of this complicity is to consider the connection players feel for, and praise they heap upon, game stories that are undeniably thin, derivative, and poorly executed. Consider how uncomfortable these stories become when we are alienated from them and experience them as outsiders in novelizations or films.

Thus, while I think that game story-tellers should look to novels, comics, movies, plays, TV shows etc. for raw material – and for the sheer joy of those works! – trying to make game narratives more novelistic or cinematic is a flawed effort at internal colonization. We should instead try to make game narratives more game-like, leveraging the special assets of our wonderful medium to build a richer, or at least different, connection with the player than what exists in other media.

That is not to say the game stories should be thin or dumb, or that freedom and choice always trump drama and themes. Only that we should be proud and protective of this unique trait.

In third person, it reads like fan fiction, full of melodrama and bathos. It works slightly better in first person, but still feels off, as though the character is narrating from outside of himself. But in second person - which is not going to work in almost any novel format beside a choose your own adventure, which are generally shit - and with the weight of the rest of the game informing your experience, the moment is pulled off as a poignant climax. Avellone's highest achievement is making it seem like what's happening is actually happening to YOU. Getting the player to identify with the role he's playing isn't an easy task, especially when that role comes with so much story.
Gospel.

That's also why most of the attempts at getting best selling authors, ie Rothfuss in the new Torment, to enhance the narrative did not work. Because while those authors can contribute intricate prose and witty dialogue, that's not what defines the player experience even in a text heavy game like Planescape: Torment. Understanding the player's perspective, his agency, and his moment to moment involvement in the game is just as important or more important. This is what separates a game designer from a novel writer.
Ibid.

Tolkien, Le Guin, and Gene Wolfe are marvelous at their craft but they are not game designers; and there is no evidence that they could have become master game designers, just because they could write. Creativity exists in many forms. Do you compare Scorsese to Beethoven? Then why compare Avellone to Tolkien?
Ibid.

Seriously, I can't improve on what you wrote, except to say that comparing Avellone to Tolkien is less absurd that Scorsese to Beethoven so they're both word-writers and story-tellers working in the fantasy genre.

For what it's worth, when Darth Roxor wrote his editorial about RPG Writing years ago, I wrote two responses, neither of which I published because (1) I love DR too much to argue with him and (2) I was concerned that it would seem like I was mounting a defense of (or, worse, an attack on) TTON.

Now that enough time has passed, and since it is directly on point, I'll post one of them, which is less disputatious. I never really finished polishing it, and I haven't read it in forever, so I'm not even sure I still believe what it says, but in any event, here goes:
Prompted by a variety of threads and by the recent editorial, I wanted to share some thoughts about RPG writing based on my experience, limited though it has been.

As anyone who has read my posts on the subject will expect, my goal is to provide a theory for the shortcoming of RPG writing that is not premised on purported character flaws of RPG writers (laziness, vanity, ignorance, incuriosity, or greed) or on purported character failings of RPG management, which is to say, to penny-pinching or ax-grinding or dumbing-down or profit-chasing. I would proffer -- though of course I cannot prove -- that the RPG writers I've worked with are diligent, modest, well-versed, and thoughtful, and in almost all cases have forgone more lucrative opportunities, and that the management loves the games they are trying to make.

Instead of a guilt-based theory, what I would offer is a theory of systemic failure. Specifically, I would blame three factors: (1) a tiny talent pool in a field that requires writers to perform in two distinct domains; (2) a lack of metrics to assess RPG writing that leaves those writers without useful guidance; and (3) a development cycle that leaves no time for revision.

I offer no hope and no real solutions, though like all arts and crafts, perhaps things will get better with time. Without further ado...

There Is No System for Identifying, Training, and Incentivizing RPG Writers

Relatively Few People Can or Would Be RPG Writers

RPG writing requires an unusual mix of qualities that do not occur frequently in the population. There is no infrastructure to identify or develop these skills, nor are there incentives to encourage that these skills be deployed in service of RPG writing. For that reason, it would be ludicrous to hope for geniuses in numbers comparable to athletes, or mathematicians, or pianists, or painters, or journalists, or MOBA players, or fiction writers. It is thanks to dumb luck and passion for RPGs that there are good writers in the genre, and we should be pleasantly surprised, not outraged, at this outcome.

To write for RPGs with robust dialogue trees, one must be able to: (1) write compelling dialogue; (2) design an interactive, branching, reactive conversation; and (3) operate the software to implement that conversation. (Notably, I do not include world-building, plot-structuring, or character-invention in this skill set because I think those can be handled by different folks than the line-writers.) One must also want to use those talents in a job that is: (1) low pay; (2) low prestige; (3) very demanding; and (4) not given to individual virtuosity. One must also want to take such a job in order to write fantasy or science fiction video games.

The number of people who fit the bill is very small. At the heart of the problem is that the job of dialogue writing and the job of RPG conversation design are extremely different; they utilize different mental processes, and each process requires both innate vision and trained craft. Moreover, it is not practical to divorce the writing from the structuring because as an end-product the two are symbiotic: only the writer can anticipate where his conversation will branch and flourish, where companions should chime in, and so forth. Trying to write within a scripter's "frame" is really difficult. Many talented writers on Torment tried it, and also at least one less talented writer (me) tried it, and as far as I know it never panned out well.

I don't want to overstate this point. Pretty much every writer on every RPG since the 90s has managed to get the hang of the software. But unless you have a gift for structuring and implementing dialogue, the work is like running with a tire tied to your waist. It is endlessly unpleasant, at least for me, and even at the end, the pay-off is basically perverse satisfaction. In legal writing or in fiction writing or even in adventure game writing, most of my initial drafting happens while I'm in a kind of manic fugue state, and then I come down to do revisions and polishing. With Torment, the nature of structuring the dialogue meant that the writing was chunked into nodes and each node required a deliberative act. The fugue state was impossible. Every labored step was a conscious and conscientious act of discomfort.

Further, the writing is particularly inglorious. The overwhelming majority of what you write consists of variations on a theme, on texts that most people will probably never see or notice, on imagining all the ways the player can set things awry in the dialogue. The writing is subject to a host of technical constraints (like characters-per-node) and style requirements. I think there is a reason why you don't see RPG writers stick around for long: most do three or four games, tops, before switching to some other role.

Given that the job demands competence in two different fields of endeavor, given that the work is unpleasant, given that almost no one in the world thinks that writing fantasy RPG stories is prestigious, and given that the pay is worse than what one can make writing software documentation or teaching SAT test skills, there is a relatively high likelihood that many potential candidates will do more rewarding things with their lives. Let me be clear: I don't think that RPG writers deserve a tiny violin accompanying their tragic suffering. Obviously, the overwhelming majority of jobs in the world are terrible, far more terrible than wrangling OEI, and this job pays well above the poverty line. And there are plenty of people out there who, in a vague way, want to write for RPGs; it is a dream job -- though of course nebulous as dreams necessarily are. Nevertheless, the number of people actively seeking it out can't be that great, and the number of those who are realistic in doing so is even smaller.

(Incidentally, this is why I find it so unfortunate when criticism of RPG writing is framed in terms of the writers being out to destroy RPGs for some personal agenda or uninterested in doing good work or whatever. The people who wind up doing this work do it because they love RPGs; otherwise, why not do something else? You and they may disagree about values, writing style, or what RPG stories should include and emphasize, and because of that you might not like what they produce. Or they may just not do a good enough job. But it's not out of wickedness that they are writing things you don't like.)

Anyway, for all these reasons, you are starting from a small group of possible candidates, in which the industry is forced to take not just the rightmost sliver of the bell curve, but something like the whole right half. Good for me as a writer, bad for me as a reader, I guess.

RPG Writers Cannot Meaningfully Develop Their Talents Before Their Work Goes Into a Game

Unlike in other fields, an RPG writer reaches a professional level in the near complete absence of coaching, junior leagues, and "practice" -- particularly with regard to the design and implementation of conversations.

The first point, about coaching, is the easier one to prove. I'm not a good basketball player, but to the extent I can play at all, it is because many better basketball players taught me, informally and formally, from the time I was very young. It's not necessary to be a professional basketball player to receive basketball coaching, and in fact totally inexperienced and untalented players receive coaching from relatively experienced and talented players all the time: for example, I received coaching, formal and informal, from a variety of college-level basketball players and one Olympic player, albeit before he played in the Olympics.

This is no such coaching for RPG writing. I have been, in one form or another, endeavoring to write RPGs for many years. But the only coaching I ever received came after I already had secured a job as an RPG writer (for Bioware, and later for inXile). To be sure, I have seen occasional instances over the years when experienced RPG writers advised amateurs, and I've tried to do that myself. There are few ridiculous for-profit trade schools you can go to and attend courses in game design, perhaps in RPG writing. There are lectures at conferences that you can stream on YouTube. There are message boards like the Codex where people debate and critique RPG dialogue. But the chance of having a skilled practitioner watch an amateur in action and provide advice over a sustained period of time, or even to "play against" or alongside an amateur, is essentially zero. I can't think of any other field of endeavor in my life (academic, legal, athletic, literary) in which this is true. (I'm sure there are other examples, but they aren't obvious.)

The second point about "junior leagues" is harder to prove because it is undeniably true that a form of junior league exists in the modding community. But in other fields what you see is a very wide base to a very tall pyramid, whereas in the field of RPG writing what you see is a very short inverted pyramid, with the top (i.e., professional RPG writers) larger than the base (i.e., non-professional RPG writers actually producing playable works). Millions of children play full games of basketball, write short stories to be read or listened to by dozens, compete in math Olympiads, play clarinets at concerts, and so forth. The opportunities narrow as the skill level increases: fewer will play high school varsity basketball, and fewer will start; fewer of those who start will play college ball, and fewer of those will start; a tiny fraction of those will make professional leagues, and fewer of those will start. But there is no comparable winnowing going on in RPG writing. A guy like me basically goes from unsuccessfully making an amateur RPG to working on Dragon Age: Origins, albeit with a mostly irrelevant interlude at TimeGate in the middle.

One reason for an absence of "junior leagues" is that RPGs involve many component other than writing. To make even a NWN module entails a number of additional skills (like map layout, encounter design, balancing, etc.). And you can't "play" at being an RPG writer by scripting once-off characters -- you need to build something larger and more complete. The result is that there are high barriers to participating in the kind of amateur development that could constitute such a junior league. Moreover, the junior leagues themselves lack coaching, rigorous feedback, and -- in many instances -- even non-rigorous feedback because most mods go mostly unplayed.

Finally, my point about practice is the least significant, but I think it's relevant all the same. In most professional endeavors, the ratio of performance time to practice (or preparation) time is skewed heavily toward the latter. Actors and musicians rehearse; athletes have many practice days before every game day and entire off-seasons of training; lawyers do moot courts and mock trials. But essentially everything an RPG writer does is performance, not practice. Indeed, the "writing test" I took to win a spot on the Torment team consisted of writing two conversations for use in the game. I believe the same is true of the test I did for Bioware on Dragon Age: Origins. (This would be equivalent to auditions being used in movies, right?)

What all of these factors mean is that the overwhelming majority of RPG writers will start out on professional projects without being seasoned in the craft. They may be good at writing in an abstract sense, and they may have a feel for RPG conversations from playing RPGs, but some of what you are seeing in commercial titles is the work of raw recruits. Of course, veterans take time to train and review that work, but the veterans themselves have writing responsibilities, so much of it is learn-by-doing -- you are seeing the equivalent of the failed Tolkien pastiche that some novelist wrote in college, rather than the third novel he wrote when such mischief was beaten out of him.

But All That's Also True of Interactive Fiction Games, and They're Great!

Old-school interactive fiction too (TADS and Inform, for example) also required a combination of verbal and technical skills, and yet there were dozens of people who made great IF games getting paid nothing at all. Surely this disproves my theory!

I don't think so.

The thing is, IF, for whatever reason -- perhaps because of its auteurial qualities, perhaps because of its purely amateur scene, or perhaps as a historical fluke* -- attracted a community of super, super smart people: Andrew Plotkin was a wunderkind at Carnegie Mellon; Adam Cadre was a wunderkind at UC Berkeley; Graham Nelson was a wunderkind at Oxford; Emily Short was no doubt accomplished wherever she went (she writes under a pen name and doesn't share biographical details). IF was something like being a spy for Queen Victoria: brilliant dilettantes taking on absurd challenges for obscure glory. (* One possible reason is the close connection between IF, MUDs, and college campuses.)

Unlike penning amateur IF, working professionally on RPGs requires subordination, coordination, and cooperation. Fundamentally, you are a slave to the market, but you also have layers of human masters (minibosses, bosses, final bosses, true forms of final bosses), as well as colleagues whose work sometimes takes precedence over yours: area designers, encounter designers, artists, other writers, coders, even translators. Compromise is essential, and at the end of the day, some of what you're compromising with are crass commercial concerns. For example, in the barbarian class origin I wrote for DA:O (alas, my class got cut from the game -- proof of my mediocrity, no doubt), I was told that the protagonist couldn't be crucified because doing a custom crucified pose would cost too much animation time. A quarter of the dialogue I wrote for Kohan II was cut because of the costs of voice acting. "Do we have the resources to implement this?" hangs over every decision, even if it's never stated. In short, professional RPG writing is the antithesis of auteurial amateurism.

As a result, I don't think you'll ever see something like the IF scene emerge in RPG writing, but perhaps I'm too pessimistic.

You Go to War With the Army You Have

Let me digress for a moment with some biographical details. In parallel to my efforts to be a game writer, I was also trying to be a fantasy fiction writer. From 1986 or so (when I first learned to write and code, neither very well) until 2005 (when I graduated law school), I spent much more time on fiction than I did on video game writing. I wrote about 40 short stories, two novels, and two children's books. Of these, I published two short stories at "professional" rates (25 cents a word, and 10 cents a word, respectively), another twenty or so for some negligible pay (ranging from 2 cents a word to $10 for the whole story), and a few more for no pay. By 2005, I'd worked professionally on Infinity, Blazecrafters (which was never released), Kohan II, Axis & Allies, Savage 2, and Dragon Age: Origins. In other words, while I "broke through" as a video game writer, I never did as a fantasy fiction writer.

I'm sure most RPG writers are much better writers than I am; certainly that is so of the colleagues I've worked with. But I still think it's basically true that, as the result of the forces I describe above, RPG writers are closer to the Bad News Bears than the Seven Samurai. Now, the Bad News Bears practically manage to win the tournament! And I'm pretty sure in sequels/remakes they do win! Eccentric weirdos with heart really can make incredible things, but that happens through a mix of passion, hard work, and luck in spite of a structure that makes success unlikely. That's why the success is so compelling when it happens.

The surprising thing to me isn't that most RPGs aren't up to the level of Planescape: Torment, Arcanum, Fallout, Mask of the Betrayer, or Bloodlines -- it's that those games exist at all! The surprising thing isn't that a mediocre writer like me falls short of the level of Avellone or Ziets or McComb, it's that those guys and others have risen to that level.

Now, with that bit of cheer, let me move on to two other reasons why RPG writing is doomed.

It Is Totally Unclear What RPG Writing Should Be

How is an RPG writer to measure the quality of his own writing?

In an immediate sense, he measures it by the feedback he receives from his higher-ups or peers. For junior writers, dialogues will typically be reviewed by senior writers (at least early on) -- everything I wrote for Torment was reviewed by Adam Heine, at a minimum, and often by Kevin Saunders, Colin, George, and others. More senior writers will still have their writing reviewed by leads or area designers. And in a healthy project, everyone will share feedback with each other as they play through builds, though as crunch time begins this inevitably drops off.

But this metric is circular because "an RPG writer should measure the quality of his writing by asking other RPG writers to measure it" begs the question of how an RPG writer should measure the quality of someone else's writing. Ultimately, there needs to be some kind of yardstick, not just a Tammany Hall buck passing.

The old truism "I'll know it when I see it" is sort of right. Generally a decent writer will have an intuitive reaction to writing on a node-by-node, sentence-by-sentence, or word-by-word level. But the heart of RPG writing is not the node-or-smaller level execution, but the overall structure.

Should conversations be long or short? How many options is too many or too few? Should dialogue choices be ordered according to consistent logic (as in Bioware games) or have organic chaos (as in Arcanum)? Should NPCs be romanceable? Should the game offer broad and deep lore that goes beyond the four corners of the player's adventure? Should dialogues include prose elements like description, or just the spoken word? Should paraphrasing ever be used (i.e., "He tells you that X, Y, Z happened" rather than "He tells you 'X, Y, Z happened")? Should there be a narrative voice or should any narration and description be neutral and detached? Should characters speak in the "high mimetic" heroic mode typical to fantasy until 30 years ago, or should they speak naturalistically according to modern diction, as is more common in the grimdark fantasies of today? Should stories be epic or personal? Should NPCs invite you to opine on their moral quandaries? Are more words better or are fewer more careful words better? How predefined should the PC be? How active and interactive should companions be?

It is tempting to answer these questions "it depends" but that is itself question begging... it depends on what?

There are a few places an RPG writer can look to guidance. One is to the classics. Another is to critics. Another is to the market. Another is to exogenous influences (like contemporary genre fiction and televisions). But I submit that none of these provides the necessary yardstick.

The Classics Offer No Formula

Unlike Tolstoy's happy families, well-written RPGs are more different than they are similar. Taking my own favorites, and supplementing a bit with games that have others' esteem, I'm comfortable saying that Planescape: Torment, Fallout 1, The Sith Lords, Mask of the Betrayer, Bloodlines, Arcanum, The Age of Decadence, The Witcher, and Betrayal at Krondor would be a credible list of well-written RPGs. What rules can someone derive from these games? What standards? None, I say.

One simply cannot distill from these games essential answers to the questions posed above. Take the predefined PC. At one extreme you have The Witcher, at the other you have Arcanum. Neither is an outlier; the other games fall in a well-distributed continuum between those poles. What about companions? At one extreme you have Fallout at the other, perhaps, Betrayal at Krondor or Mask of the Betrayer or The Sith Lords, and again a continuum. Mask of the Betrayer, the Sith Lords, and The Witcher, and even to some extent Torment, heavily feature romances. Others do not. The tonal voice of the game varies -- MOTB is in the "high mimetic" register, while The Age of Decadence is in a modern register. BAK, PS:T, and AOD feature prose-type flourishes in different ways, but these are mostly absent in The Witcher, Bloodlines, Mask of the Betrayer, and The Sith Lords.

Other differences abound. In Betrayal at Krondor, there isn't any main character. Arcanum and AOD seemingly have similar philosophies in terms of reactivity, but Arcanum's conversations offer a huge number of choices while AOD's frequently have multiple nodes in a row in which only one "choice" is offered. AOD's main character is defined by the player, but the dialogue choices have a very idiosyncratic voice; The Sith Lords has a relatively defined character, but the choices are generic in voice. Arcanum and Fallout feature very broad fourth-wall breaking humor; Mask of the Betrayer is extremely serious. Bloodlines and to some degree The Witcher have very "cinematic" dialogues, while The Age of Decadence has extremely plain dialogues and Krondor, which is unusual, uses book-like dialogues. And so on.

At least to me, unlike with genre fiction, no formula or rules emerge from studying these games. To be sure, you can mumble stuff about a close connection between systems and narrative and things like that, but I'm skeptical. NWN2 is awful, awful, awful in every systemic way, but MOTB works nonetheless. It's not obvious to me why a personal story like PS:T's would be best told through an isometric point of view, or how Fallout's dialogue meaningfully engages the SPECIAL system. To be honest, I can't come up with any logic to why some RPGs' writing is good while others' writing is not -- the answer seems to be the Calvinist one that some people are predestined to write good RPG dialogue, and to everyone else, hellfire.

It is, of course, always good to consume good works of art, especially for an uncreative mediocrity like me. When I create, what I'm really doing is Frankensteining (or bricolage to be highfalutin), and the more I can fill my meat wagon with good parts, the better. A writer can -- must -- learn by reading. But there aren't really that many great RPGs out there to read. So you can't immerse yourself in decades of classics the way you can if you want to write a space opera story or a spy story or a Western. And when you wet your feet in the shallow pool, the osmotic effect turns out to be not that great, anyway.

Criticism Is Doomed

I have noticed people on the Codex lament the lack of an independent, talented body of computer game critics akin to Aaron Sorkin's fantasy of critics in some other genre. I too weep, but our tears are in vain.

Let me begin by noting that video game criticism is inherently trapped in the basic cycle of being low prestige, thus being unable to attract fancy critics, thus remaining low prestige. In other eras, perhaps this problem would slowly have rectified itself, but what we have witnessed over the past twenty (? fifty? hundred?) years in every medium is critics wrecking themselves, not critics advancing their craft. Do you think that film criticism is getting better or worse? Political criticism? Art criticism? How long has it been since The Painted Word was written? Have things gotten better or worse since? In short, I think the notion that there will ever be a learned but sane academy of game critics is wishful thinking.

But aside from this glum prognosis about the world, there are problems peculiar to RPG criticism that make it especially unlikely that professional critics will be useful.

To begin with, I want to note that playing a game is quite different from any other form of consumption (that I can think of) that yields criticism. To criticize a movie, you watch the movie; to criticize a book, you read the book; to criticize a meal, you eat the meal. There is more you can do, but that minimum is essential and consistent. You can't possibly hope to criticize a movie while fast-forwarding through it; you might skim a book but only within reason; and you can't bolt a dinner and then eat another dinner to review two restaurants. (Actually, I can: on various BBQ trips to Austin, I managed to eat at six BBQ restaurants in a day. God help me.)

Games are different: depending on how you play them (such as whether you consult a walkthrough, whether you seek out secrets, whether you test different paths), your time with them can be longer or shorter. And games, especially RPGs are much longer than other media. Moreover, many of the things that make RPGs best -- true choices with meaningful consequences; different paths available to different character builds; a sense that NPCs are responding to your character -- are not apparent in a cursory playthrough. To meaningfully criticize Arcanum would not require twelve hours of playing it, but perhaps upwards of a hundred. Or more. Who knows?

This creates a big problem.

To me, there are basically three relevant forms of game criticism: the review, the think piece, and the nostalgic think piece. Reviews have a very narrow window to be released in order to get significant readership. The window is a bit larger for think pieces, but not that large -- for example, the guy who runs Indiefence, probably the best adventure game site on the Internet, mentioned recently that essentially no one was interested in his analysis of Broken Age's second chapter; he waited too long, and people moved on. Nostalgic think pieces have their own problem: their very nature tends toward the elegiac and uncritical and personal.

Basically, I think there is no way for a critic to meaningfully engage with an RPG and produce criticism of it quickly enough for people to care. As a consequence, you will never see a professional criteriat capable of meaningfully assessing RPGs according to the "news cycle." Game critics rush through games, and wind up with a "Pepsi challenge" view of what they've played. That is especially true of RPGs. Critics aren't incentivized to savor and study RPGs; they play them in a different way from customers. And RPGs are unlikely ever to reach a level of consistent acclaim as to receive worthwhile academic criticism (if such a thing could be found).

But if thoughtful professional critics were to come to RPGs, would you want it?

To paraphrase a line from Star Control II that I've always liked, "Interactive fiction showed itself, and critics noticed it. There is no interactive fiction now. Only Twine." [MRY's Note: Since I wrote this, I've come to wonder whether this line is entirely fair -- Emily Short, who I trust implicitly, has written that there is a profusion of great IF these days, including via Twine.] The idea that sustained critical attention from fancy critics would improve RPGs may itself be misplaced. What critics want from the object of their criticism is often a mix of subtlety, transgression, and novelty -- the things that place a critic in a privileged position compared to others. Critics, like viruses, may transform their host so that it produces an environment in which criticism thrives, even at the expense of health and vigor. It is not at all clear to me that this is what the Codex wants in its RPGs, or what anyone really wants generally. It's not what I want. I'm a man who favors the middlebrow: brown Chinese sauces, beef brisket, sentimental music, uplifting movies, novels that I can understand. PS:T is already near the limits of the sophistication I am likely to enjoy in an RPG.

Despite this general gloom regarding criticism, I do think that there are some glimmers of light here, including the Codex. There's a reason why Roxor's PoE review was passed around among the Torment team as useful reading. But the Codex often makes it difficult for non-Codexers to find the site's insights, which are mostly buried in threads that contain more radioactive waste than gold. Only a neurotic masochist can take the time to learn much useful, and he may, like a prospector in the Glow, come away permanently sickened.

But lay criticism is not, overall, a good source. The overwhelming majority of such criticism is either unadulterated adulation or bitter bile, and neither of these is very helpful. Depending on which palantir he consults, a TTON writer would get totally different feedback on the game. Identical factors are praised and hated in equal, unhelpful measure. And often people publicly criticize the very things they secretly enjoy, or publicly praise the very things they actually dislike, depending on how vocal the consensus is.

In short, there are few sages to consult.

The Market Is Too Multivariate and Too Limited

I find myself running out of steam, and I suspect this point is fairly obvious, so I will be brief.

It is totally unclear whether an RPG like Fallout 4 or Bloodlines succeeds or fails because of its writing or in spite of it. Now, I know you guys would all conclude "in spite of," but the whole point of the market is its democratic nature. If a writer is trying to figure out what the populi enjoys, the market can, in theory, help. But in practice, it can't help with RPG writing.

The problem is that RPG writing plays a relatively small role in why people buy RPGs. For example, people have told me for years that Driftmoon is well written, but there's no way I'll ever try it because of its unappealing visuals and gameplay. Brand awareness, audiovisuals, non-dialogue gameplay, marketing, and sheer fortuity all play a big role in whether an RPG succeeds.

If there were a thousand RPGs a year, and somehow customers knew what each one offered well enough to choose among them, it might be possible to isolate the writing variable from the others and use the market as an experimental laboratory. But there aren't, so it isn't.

Exogenous Influences Can Only Take You So Far

As I have written about elsewhere, I think exogenous influences are critical to game design. I also think they are critical to good writing, generally. Lawyers should read fiction; novelists should read histories; etc., etc. But in terms of the structuring of RPG conversations, even in terms of writing the dialogue itself, exogenous influences can only take you so far.

I probably could write an entire ramble on this subject alone, but since I have gone on too long already, I will keep it short. There is a reason why good games make such terrible novelizations and movie adaptations, and that is because so much of what is going on in a game is not the telling of a linear story. RPG dialogue needs to be engaging the player as a player rather than simply as a reader.

To be sure, many books or movies invite the audience to "play" with the story, to try and figure out its mysteries or themes. But the audience is not asked to make decisions. In RPGs, by contrast, each conversation node is supposed to provide the player with at least some data useful in making a decision -- perhaps an immediate choice in that very conversation, perhaps some strategic decision later on. Moreover, in static media, the conversation is driven by the predefined characteristics of both interlocutors, but in an RPG, the conversation needs to be designed to engage with a variety of very different character builds and player goals.

In short, while, say, Lajos Egri's advice in The Art of Dramatic Writing isn't irrelevant -- indeed, it's highly useful -- it's not squarely on point. So reading or watching good dialogues in books or comics or films won't necessarily give you a sense how to structure or write a good RPG dialogue. It won't hurt. And it may give wonderful high-level inspiration. But it doesn't provide the Holy Grail for which, paragraphs and paragraphs ago, this quest began: a metric by which to judge RPG dialogue.

Flying Blind

The bottom line is that RPG writers basically have to make gut-level judgments about who and what to trust, without any empirical basis for making that decision. In practice, I suspect that means that most writers just tune out the third-party feedback and rely on internal mechanisms (like peer feedback). But, as I noted, those mechanisms suffer from their own limitations. Most writers must simply plod along, hoping that skills are improving by use and that the hard road is leading at least vaguely in the right direction.

The Production Cycle Does Not Allow for Major Revisions

The tl;dr crowd can breathe a sigh of relief; my fingers and mind grow weary.

The problem with writing the now-standard kind of RPG dialogue is that it takes so long that it is seldom finished far in advance of whatever the final hard cut-off date is (localization, vocalization, shipping, whatever). Only in journalism, I think, is there the same compression of writing and publication. In other media -- in my experience, in legal writing, in fiction writing, and in academic writing -- revision is critical, and often takes as long as the writing itself, if not longer.

One major aspect of revision in other media is that it happens at the end. To be sure, writers revise on the fly. But when the piece is done, editors (including the author) read it from start to finish and make considerable changes. Another draft is produced, and the process begins again. Then you have polishing drafts -- your tool slowly goes from a hacksaw to fine-grained sandpaper. For important pieces of writing, I've had more than 20 or even 50 rounds of revision.

This is simply impossible with RPGs.

There is too much text, it is finished too late, and it cannot simply be "read" because often how it works is not apparent without playing it, and playing it in context. Of course, individual conversations are reviewed as they come in. And sometimes they are reworked quite a bit. There are conversations in TTON that had 40+ versions in Perforce. But I am skeptical that it is possible to undertake major revisions, let alone multiple major revisions, once the whole game is written.

In essence, the nature of the beast is that by the time the writing is done, there is no time to edit it. It would be like tearing down a house after it was built because it turned out to be not quite what the builder wanted.

To some degree this could be dealt with by reducing the amount of text, but I doubt the text could be reduced enough (in the kind of RPG we're talking about) to make such revisions feasible. Thus, I think that an inherent feature of narrative, dialogue-heavy RPGs is that they are immune to the rewrites and structural changes that you would tend to see in other written works, despite the fact that editing and iteration are critical to good writing.

I think there are some people whose response would be that this is an argument to return to the much slimmer text of RPGs before the mid-90s and to focus on other means of story-telling than dialogue. That is a whole other debate, and one that's a little hard for me to wrap my head around because it is at least a little bit like saying, "If you find fantasy novels too long-winded, you should just watch fantasy movies." There obviously is a huge swath of players who like dialogue-tree-based RPGs, and so I think trying to abandon the form altogether is probably not a great idea.

Bottom Line

We should be pleasantly surprised by the few well-written RPGs we have, rather than vengeful at the rest.

By this, I'm not suggesting that people should accept mediocrity or withhold criticism of RPG writing. To the contrary, as I said above, I think the Codex's criticism is a glimmer of (radioactive) light that can provide some guidance to RPG writers. But I think it would be a brighter light if, rather than focusing on what went wrong behind the words, the focus was on what went wrong with the words themselves. There isn't a villain in this story, nor will this story ever feature heroic champions saving the day. We are stuck with hard-working, passionate writers who are neither wicked nor superhuman. You'd probably enjoy chatting with them over a beer. They are doing their best to write dialogue for the kind of games you enjoy, but perhaps that best is not good enough. They may be failing, but I don't think it's because management is directing them to dumb things down, or ideologues are looking to shoe-horn their agendas into the dialogue no matter what harm it does, or writers are too lazy to do what they ought to. I think it is because the task is very hard and the overall system does not consistently produce, identify, or nurture geniuses who would be able to easily take that task on.

Anyway, it's by no means the job of fans who pay money to subsidize others' dreams to also spend their time providing free assistance. But if you're going to undertake the work anyway, I think that the more concrete and specific the criticism, the more useful it is. I don't think that grand theories are particularly helpful, though perhaps the right grand theory just hasn't come along. In contrast, "practice tips" that are straightforward are tools that writers can and will use, and perhaps, incrementally, RPG writing can move in the right direction.

In sum, my work on Torment is terrible, and I have written a whole treatise to explain why, and you poor saps read it, just like you're doomed to read my Torment Meres. So it goes.
 
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