Melee support gems work with some minions. Currently have Raise Zombie with Multistrike, melee Splash+Increased Minion Damage in a +2 levels minion gems helm. With additional 2 raised Evangelist from Sceptre of God and while running Cold damage aura you can clear maps easily.
The key to levelling a summoner is to play as one only after lvl 50 or so. Before that minions are quite weak and your Life Regen aura doesn't do much (better to use life regen totem because it adds flat regen instead of %). I suggest levelling with a Searing Bond gem. It doesn't really need any supports (Increased burning damage is just icing on the cake) and even without any +spell damage nodes it clears whole rooms quickly.
You can also direct your minions to a specific monster by using a single target skill. Arc works wonders because it has high shock chance and fast animation.
Some wrongs and omissions here that I'm bound to right
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ALL of the support gems work with minions, as long as minions' means of attacking have the same attributes as the ones support gems are boosting.
All the melee summons - zombies, skellies, raging spirits, animated stuff, melee spectres - are boosted by melee supports, popular ones meing melee physical dmg, multistrike, melee splash. In fact, melee physical damage >> minion damage, if you took a lot of minion dmg passives.
All the ranged summons - ranged spectres atm only - are boosted by ranged-specific supports, like PPAD or LMP or Fork.
All the non-caster summons are affected by skills that are applied to attacks only, like faster attacks or whatnot.
All the caster summons - caster spectres atm only - are affected by spell-only passives.
And, of course, you can use all the other supports as well - like concentrated effect for minions whose attacks are AoE, or knockback, or stun, or whatever.
Leveling summoner as a summoner is easy-peasy actually, if you know how to play it and twink it just a leeetle bit. You definitely want matua tupuna at lvl 23 and bones of ullr at lvl 22. Getting multistrike for zombies at lvl 19 is also beneficial. The rest of gear is totally optional.
With skills that were introduced in 1.1.0, summoner is really easy to play early on now (not that it wasn't before, mind you, I've leveled more than one summoner as summoner as far back as early open beta).
Skeleton totem solves a lot of your problems from lvl 31 on as well.
Directing minions is now also done by using ANY targeted/aoe skill whatsoever, doesnt' have to be single-target. Curses work just as good in this regard.
I was actually thinking of using Raging Spirits. I figure if they aren't being targeted (and they aren't around long anyways) they'll be at full health, so they can benefit from +melee damage while full life. So that, + more melee damage + more speed + minion damage should add up to a lot of damage. But I've never tried any of the summons really, so I dunno.
Edit: I was going to mention earlier, the Vaal skills are so fucking fun. Vaal spark is insane even without any supports, I want to try it with LMP. And Vaal Storm Call is really powerful considering it only uses 8 souls on normal.
Just because raging spirits can't be targeted, doesn't mean that they can't be damaged. They take damage from stray projectiles and from AoE splash damage, and they aren't that tough to start with. Beware.
Plus, since mobs won't target them, it means they will target you. Haha!