I like Banks' books but I simply don't believe in utopia or post-scarcity civilizations. Tech might change but the human nature will not.
Iain Banks also did write other SF books. Against a Dark Background is absolutely worth reading for the quality of the ideas it presents. It also speaks about how human emotions and relations shape reality, and how tech merely presents a part of the setting.
I'm not sure it's that much more powerful. Let's look at what we have today:
- advanced neural implants research -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant
- artificial heart (first successful implant in 2011)
- bionic eye -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_prosthesis
- titanium knees and hips
- feeding tubes going directly into the stomach to provide nutrition (for comatose patients, for example)
- all kinds of meds that fuck with the brain and kill the emotional response
While it's not exactly half way there, I'd say that we'd get to the augmentations I described sooner (next 50-100 years?) than we'd get to nuclear fission powered space mining.
No objections here, with the caveat that the
projection for viable fusion reactor technology (hydrogen to helium) is a couple of decades from now. And it would be much earlier, if the research and engineering weren't intentionally done in slow-mo. From that point onward nuclear fission will be outdated.
In principle augmentations are doable, including the nano-bot approach featured in Deus Ex as well as exoskeletons like in X-Men, to a limited extent. More like releasing drugs into the body in a smart way and fine-tuning body functions, and replacing parts of the skeleton.
My objection is against framing it as a feasible advancement that elevates the state of human beings by re-engineering entire body systems in a way that enhances and redirects the intelligence that all human body systems collectively represent. This is beyond us because we do not understand how the myriad systems interact on all levels, down to physical chemistry and lower, and the chances that we acquire this knowledge in the next hundred years is slim at best.
I have to add that my core domain is research of intelligence. What it is and how it works. It turns out that intelligence is present in many more ways than we commonly think. For example you can see the entirety of the ecosystems on Earth as an attempt of life to shape the environment in a way that suits life. Many interlocking systems that all represent intelligence, from plants that can absorb matter on a molecular basis to higher organisms that fulfil roles in ecosystems like predators and prey, or are part of symbiotic processes. The gene pools of ecosystems are balanced, checked (for example by viruses), and work dynamically towards a state that adapts and improves continually, i.e. the ecosystems are learning. Who can say whether ecosystems collectively don't have a shared intelligence that brought about the stable weather patterns humans needed to begin agriculture and evolve? We currently see a reversal. Why?
We have a similar situation in the human body. We don't have enough knowledge to decide whether reality is brought about by the physical interactions at the quantum level, the causal hypothesis, or whether reality is shaped by the interactions between different intelligent systems that affect the quantum level accordingly, the projection hypothesis. In principle intelligent systems are capable of such feats because they can connect high-level conditions to systemic responses that ultimately interface with the quantum level. There is plenty of evidence for the latter if you know where to look. For that reason I doubt that the proclaimed march of modern medicine, from basic drugs, to smart drugs and gene therapy, will truly improve the human condition, because if you had perfect mastery of genes and related tech, you would probably realize that you don't truly understand what you are doing. It's simply that decoding the intelligent systems that comprise human existence is a much taller order than perfect mastery of the genetics.
I agree with
xantrius that Jung's work is important. It's the human dimension and ethics that matter.
And for that reason your idea of cybernetically enhanced monks is truly brilliant. But there is no reasonable way IMHO that humanity can research this tech via medicine and genetics in the foreseeable future. However, it could be feasible that the monks learn techniques of the mind that allows them to achieve this elevated state with more straightforward augmentations.
It's a similar effect, but the logic to achieve it is entirely different. What I call a hard SF approach.
Today the lower class is more educated and vastly more prosperous than the lower class of the beginning of the 20th century, which in turn was more educated and prosperous than the lower class of the 19th century, but it's still a lower class.
Of course, it is a credible scenario that the most powerful corporations withhold inventions and advanced science education from the masses.
Some inventions? Maybe. Education? No. Look at the modern society. Whose fault is it that most people are studying social science rather than going for STEM degrees? Whose fault is it that the US has the lowest standards in math and science?
The large corporations have learned to shape the environment in which we live. They have a large extent of control over what we eat, how we live, our water and much more. They control most of the media and what news you are exposed to. A lot of what they control is also significant in terms of how individuals and their intelligence develops. It's not only a question of diet, there is an abundance of chemicals in the living environments, cloths and so on. There is evidence on a lot of these aspects
that they affect intelligence. If you ask me, people are being played for fools.