The weapons bloat is real, and 90% of them are useless garbage.
Well, not necessary that harsh. For example:
Mauser - your first gun. Has Weapon Accuracy perk that will help you early with your low small guns skill. Could be improved.
10 mm Award Pistol - best stats of all 10mm pistols. Quest item, could be sold to Wesker. Easy to find in Hawthorne, I used it a little in early game.
10 mm Pistol with a flashlight - has no darkness penalties (Weapon Night Sight perk). Comes too late, though.
10 mm with extended mag - is exactly what it says on the tin. Another latecomer, though.
10 mm Old Model - Easter egg?
Pump action Shotgun - better than Sawn-off, but worse than automatic ones.
Henry Repeater - a good weapon to keep using .44 ammo. Usually, you have no need to keep .44 after you find better weapons than Desert Eagle. Competes with custom Desert Eagle found in the Wind of War, but this one is another quest item and can be given back to owner.
Striker Shotgun - one armed shotgun! Must have for the users of One Handed trait.
Training Laser Rifle - inferior to the regular one, but could be found early in Uranium City. Useful for energy weapons chars, for the better alternatives will come later.
Liberator pistol - a shitty one, you say? Two round capacity, short range, small damage. But it has Weapon Penetrate perk that reduces opponent DT by 80%. Gotta test the usefulness of this thing for the curiosity sake.
M1 Garand - similar to Colt Rangemaster, but useful nonetheless. I cleared Vault in the Wind of War and Area 51 with it. Ammo is rare, though.
40 mm Grenade Launcher - good early weapon for Heavy Weapons users.
Regular 9 mm SMG -
a direct nod to early Fallout promo-art.
Photon Pistol -
another nod to early Fallout art.
Old Revolver - .44 revolver, inferior to Desert Eagle and Magnum, but comes very early.
Colt Revolver - best damage of all .44 pistols. Range is less than Desert Eagle though.
PPK5 Gauss Pistol - inferior to standard, but easiest to find Gauss weapon in the game.
Calico SMG - how about 100 round mag capacity? With proper build this thing wrecks.
Laser Pistol police model - best damage of all laser pistols.
Lucky One - easiest to get plasma pistol in the game, found in Black Rock.