If we take that seriously for a minute, I'd argue that even if similarities have been pointed out by some esteemed authors, both races are too different. Let's skip the real source of inspiration (the mythological creatures) too for the sake of discussion and focus on the stereotypes.
-Dwarves are obsessed with treasure, but only for hoarding it, not creating a merchant empire.
-Dwarves are highly skilled miners, smiths and artisans and create amazing works of art (often in tremendous scale) that stand the test of time. With all due respect for the jewish goldsmiths out there, jews aren't known for building things or doing hard, pitiless labour under filthy conditions.
-Dwarves put their skill points into drunken axe murder, not speech. They also fight their wars on their own and do not talk someone else into fighting so that they can profit from it.
-Dwarves remain dwarves even when living in the lands of men, just as jews remain jews, but while there, they provide their own upkeep and wouldn't pretend to be something that they are not.
-Dwarves are known for being stingy, just like jews, but they are also known for being honest to a fault - even if it would cause a violent conflict. Dwarven diplomats? I think not.
-Dwarves are not known for being actors, lawyers, doctors, merchants or grifters.
-Gnomes are often portrayed as a tamer, friendlier version of the dwarves with a focus on invention rather than crafting. Most of the above would still apply, though.
So is there really a similarity other than their love for riches? No.