Automation only tends to work in very controlled environments. Its the edge cases that are the real stickler.
This was true 5/6 years ago.
Since then, year after year, the "very controlled environment" requirement got increasingly less important (and it's something I have first hand experience as designing industrial automation systems is my daily job).
As for the rest I agree with you, cause is something I see everyday and that I have to explain to clients every time (industrial automation is expensive, the only cheap part is software, but that's like 5% of the job we do).
That said things have changed a lot just in the past 10 years alone, both the cost and the difficulty to automate some jobs have cratered, yet I believe that the remaining blue collar jobs will hardly be automated as it will probably never be cost effective, but for white collar jobs is way different. They were spared in the past because the tech wasn't there, which has led them to believe their jobs were too complex for automation, but it's not true, and they will be replaced faster and easier than in industrial settings as their jobs can be automated by pure software.
Specifically what can be less controlled? Having less control implies a less effective system. What jobs have cratered as a result? I can imagine pickers and packers for very very large warehouse operations, but you will always have medium/small warehouses that will need human pickers and packers.
No, 'I'm talking about the working environment of the automated system.
Well, as an example in the industrial setting, years ago we used to design very precise production lines, in witch parts had to have fixed and precise positions, strictly controlled illumination, etc, which was very costly (reuse of sections between clients was non-existent).
Nowadays most machines just throw stuff on a belt and a robot controlled by computer vision + machine learning pick stuff and place it in the next section, this has reduced the cost to build production lines a lot (as sections can be reused between
clients, machines have more standardized parts and the time to design and build production lines got decimated. It's also cost effective for clients, now their production lines are not "lines" anymore and can be designed as islands that can be reused and be reconfigured between different productions.
This has simplified all aspects of industrial production to the point our products are now not limited to big factories and multinational corporations, we now sell stuff to medium and even some small sized companies.
A real example of something I have worked on was cleaning residual from metal casting of automotive parts (engine heads, connecting rods, etc ). A job that got automated away by computer vision + articulated robots (two articulated robots works in tandem, one pick up the part, the other one has interchangeable heads, first a 3D scanner to scan the part and then a couple of tools to mill away residuals).
This was a system whose first iteration (15 years ago) was accessible by car manufacturer only, last year I've seen similar systems being sold to small carpentry shops for the painting of home furniture parts
Quality control is another big request from clients, right now is mostly human based using specialized tools. It's the hardest part to automate, especially for SMEs that do many JIT productions, but we are working on it and solving one step at a time.
I agree that most white collar jobs can be replaced, but they won't be.
Because we don't even need automation to do away with 40% of jobs. Most white collar jobs are busy work.
However they serve an economic purpose of injecting liquidity into the economy, and for that reason need to be present.
Just because something *can* be done doesn't mean its practical or cost effective to do so.
Example: just getting software A talk to software B, simpler to hire a team of system engineers to run the process themselves.
To be sure, a person in most cases is easier to control and manipulate than a machine or piece of software.
Well, sorry but judging from the requests we get from the market, companies don't care about that and will automate as much as they can.